Form of Mandate

It was not necessary that the mandate should be given in any particular form of words ; it might even be implied from the conduct of the parties. A common form was to give a letter of mandate.

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Modes of Becoming Slave

The principal modes by which a person might become a slave were by birth and by capture in war. These modes were recognized by the Jus Gentium. There were also several cases peculiar to the Jus Civile in which persons were reduced to slavery as a punishment for wrong doing.
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Modes of Contracting Marriage with Manus

There were three modes of contracting marriage with manus: (1) Confarreatio. This was a religious rite the precise form of which has not come down to us. It consisted essentially in the sacrifice of wheaten bread {farreus panis) to Jupiter. (Compare the modern wedding cake.) The ceremony took place before the Pontifex IMaximus and the priest of Jupiter. Only patricians could marry by this mode, and only persons born of this kind of marriage were eligible to the priestly office. (Gains, I, § 112.) (2) Coemptio. This was a purchase of the wife by the husband from the person in whose power she was. The transaction was by the ceremony of mancipation, in the presence of the balance-holder and five witnesses. Coemptio was the ordinary form in which any Roman citizen, whether patrician or plebeian, might marry. (Gaius, I, § 113.) (3) Usus. Where a man and a woman not married by either of the above modes cohabited as husband and wafe for a period of one year, their, marriage,...
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Rights and Duties of Partners as to Third Persons

A partnership had in Romafi law no existence as to third persons. It could not act, hold property, nor render itself liable. Third persons knew the partners only as individuals. There was, therefore, no Roman law of the relationship of partners and third persons, a subject which figures so largely in the English law of partnership. The reason for this striking difference between the Roman and the English law doubtless lay in the fact that the doctrine of agency was practically unknown in Roman law, and hence one partner could not act so as to bind his copartner or the partnership. All his dealings with third persons were his acts as an individual.
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